A clavier composition unpopular with the Roundheads (8)
I believe the answer is:
cavalier
'unpopular with the roundheads' is the definition.
I can't tell whether this definition defines the answer.
'a clavier composition' is the wordplay.
'composition' indicates an anagram (letters arranged or composed in a different order).
'a'+'clavier'='aclavier'
'aclavier' with letters rearranged gives 'CAVALIER'.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for cavalier that I've seen before include "Arbitrary, off-hand" , "... King Charles, canine breed" , "Incautious" , "supporter of the monarchy" , "Monarchist" .)