Crude strength when stripped? (3)
I believe the answer is:
raw
'stripped?' is the definition.
(thesaurus)
I don't understand how the rest of the clue works.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for raw that I've seen before include "Unrefined" , "Uncooked or crude" , "Not cooked" , "Naked" , "Damp and chilly" .)