Those disturbed by a characteristic set of attitudes (5)
I believe the answer is:
ethos
'a characteristic set of attitudes' is the definition.
'ethos' can be an answer for 'attitudes' (I have seen 'Distinctive attitudes' mean 'ethos' so perhaps 'attitudes' could also mean 'ethos'). I'm not sure about the 'a characteristic set of' bit.
'those disturbed' is the wordplay.
'disturbed' indicates an anagram (the order of letters is disturbed).
'those' is an anagram of 'ETHOS'.
'by' is the link.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for ethos that I've seen before include "Characteristic spirit of a community - for those" , "Character of a community or age" , "Philosophy" , "Distinctive attitudes of a people" , "Typical culture or attitudes" .)