A chart devised about origin of rheumatic cold (7)
I believe the answer is:
catarrh
'cold' is the definition.
(thesaurus)
'a chart devised about origin of rheumatic' is the wordplay.
'devised' is an anagram indicator.
'about' is an insertion indicator.
'origin of' suggests taking the first letters.
The first letter of 'rheumatic' is 'r'.
'a'+'chart'='achart'
'achart' is an anagram of 'catarh'.
'catarh' placed around 'r' is 'CATARRH'.
(Other definitions for catarrh that I've seen before include "Nasal congestion" , "Nasal problem" , "Arch rat with inflamed mucous membrane" , "Nasal inflammation" , "Nasal discharge of mucus" .)