A traditional Jewish school devoted chiefly to the study of rabbinic literature and the Talmud (7)

I believe the answer is:

yeshiva

(Other definitions for yeshiva that I've seen before include "Jewish school" , "Orthodox Jewish seminary - is heavy (anag)" , "School of religion" , "Seminary for training rabbis" , "Orthodox Jewish college" .)

I've seen this clue in The Independent.

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