Adapted medicine, eliminating one type of disease (7)
I believe the answer is:
endemic
'type of disease' is the definition.
'adapted medicine eliminating one' is the wordplay.
'adapted' is an anagram indicator.
'eliminating' indicates named letters should be taken away.
'one' becomes 'i' (Roman numeral).
'medicine' with 'i' removed is 'medcine'.
'medcine' anagrammed gives 'ENDEMIC'.
(Other definitions for endemic that I've seen before include "Localised" , "Regularly occurring, disease say" , "Only found in a particular region, or regions" , "Peculiar to local area" , "Rooted in a locality" .)