Artist, two bishops, one Jewish scholar (5)
I believe the answer is:
rabbi
'jewish scholar' is the definition.
(I've seen this before)
'artist two bishops one' is the wordplay.
'two bishops' can mean two substitutions for 'bishop'.
'artist' becomes 'RA' (Royal Academician, member of Royal Academy of Arts).
'bishop' becomes 'b' (abbreviation used in chess).
'bishop' becomes 'b' (abbreviation used in chess).
'one' becomes 'I' (Roman numeral).
'ra'+'b'+'b'+'i'='RABBI'
(Other definitions for rabbi that I've seen before include "Religious person" , "Hebrew scholar" , "Leader of worshippers" , "Spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation" , "Jewish minister" .)