Bosses giving chap a long time, workers short time (10)
I believe the answer is:
management
'bosses' is the definition.
(I have seen 'The bosses' mean 'management' so perhaps 'bosses' could also mean 'management')
'chap a long time workers short time' is the wordplay.
'chap' becomes 'man' (I've seen this before).
'a long time' becomes 'age' ('age' can be a synonym of 'long time').
'workers' becomes 'men' (man is a kind of worker).
'short time' becomes 't' (abbreviation for time).
'man'+'age'+'men'+'t'='MANAGEMENT'
'giving' acts as a link.
(Other definitions for management that I've seen before include "Top part of organisation" , "Organisation heads" , "Upper echelons of a company" , "Person employed to improve organisational efficiency" , "Those in control of an organisation" .)