Cretan king's mother's contribution to neuropathology (6)
I believe the answer is:
europa
'cretan king's mother's' is the definition.
(mother of Minos in Greek myth)
'contribution to neuropathology' is the wordplay.
'contribution to' indicates the answer is hidden within the clue.
'EUROPA' is hidden within 'neuropathology'.
(Other definitions for europa that I've seen before include "The mother of King Minos of Crete and a moon of Jupiter" , "Girl carried off by Zeus disguised as a bull" , "A moon of Jupiter and Greek goddess" , "Minos's mother" , "Satellite of Jupiter" .)