Elementary chart having the power to follow cyclic time (8,5)
I believe the answer is:
periodic table
'elementary chart' is the definition.
(chart of chemical elements)
'having the power to follow cyclic time' is the wordplay.
'having the power' becomes 'able' (I've seen this in another clue).
'to follow' says to put letters next to each other (some letters go after or follow others).
'cyclic' becomes 'periodic' (similar in meaning).
'time' becomes 't' (abbreviation).
'periodic'+'t'='periodict'
'able' put after 'periodict' is 'PERIODIC TABLE'.
(Other definitions for periodic table that I've seen before include "Elementary list" , "List of chemical elements" , "Chart of elements" , "Arrangement of chemical elements" , "Elementary information" .)