English judge and English cat - sadly, they're thrown out (6)
I believe the answer is:
ejecta
'thrown out' is the definition.
The definition and answer are not the same part of speech.
'english judge and english cat sadly' is the wordplay.
'english' becomes 'E' (abbreviation as in OED).
'judge' becomes 'J' (abbreviation for judge).
'and' means one lot of letters go next to another.
'english' becomes 'E' (abbreviation as in OED).
'sadly' is an anagram indicator.
'cat' is an anagram of 'cta'.
'e'+'j'+'e'+'cta'='EJECTA'
'they're' acts as a link.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for ejecta that I've seen before include "Stuff thrown" , "Volcanic matter" , "Material thrown out by volcano; ace jet (anag.)" , "lava etc" , "matter being thrown out" .)