It crops up in middling time, this thought (6)
I believe the answer is:
notion
'this thought' is the definition.
(notion is a kind of thought)
I don't understand how the rest of the clue works.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for notion that I've seen before include "Vague or fanciful idea" , "Idea or fancy" , "Whim or fancy" , "Vague understanding" , "Vague impression" .)