Maybe harmful chemical upset stomach — a fellow taken short (7)
I believe the answer is:
mutagen
'maybe harmful chemical' is the definition.
The definition suggests a singular noun which matches the answer.
'upset stomach a fellow taken short' is the wordplay.
'upset' is a reversal indicator.
'stomach' becomes 'tum' (synonyms).
'a fellow taken short' becomes 'agen' (I can't justify this - if you can you should believe this answer much more).
'tum' written backwards gives 'mut'.
'mut'+'agen'='MUTAGEN'
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for mutagen that I've seen before include "chemical substance?" , "Changing agent" , "Biochemical substance" .)