Measure freedom in important cases (5)
I believe the answer is:
minim
'measure' is the definition.
(minim is a kind of measure)
'freedom in important cases' is the wordplay.
'cases' indicates the answer is hidden within the clue.
'MINIM' is hidden in the letters of 'freedom in important'.
(Other definitions for minim that I've seen before include "Quarter of a breve" , "Beat" , "It's a downward stroke" , "Half-semibreve" , "Note of two crotchets" .)