Modern maths? A problem (6)
I believe the answer is:
asthma
'problem' is the definition.
(I have seen 'Respiratory problem ' mean 'asthma' so perhaps 'problem' could also mean 'asthma')
'modern maths? a' is the wordplay.
'modern' indicates anagramming the letters (a new or modern order for the letters).
'maths' with letters rearranged gives 'asthm'.
'asthm'+'a'='ASTHMA'
(Other definitions for asthma that I've seen before include "Respiratory problem" , "Shortage of breath" , "Respiratory illness" , "Chest disorder" , "Lung condition" .)