Not exactly valued (9)
I believe the answer is:
estimated
'not exactly valued' is the definition.
The definition and answer can be both related to thinking as well as being past participle verbs.
Maybe they are linked in a way I don't understand?
This is the entire clue.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for estimated that I've seen before include "Calculated approximately" , "Calculated roughly" , "Worked out" , "Rough" , "Approximated, reckoned" .)