Note ingredient of cheese gets thrown up (6)
I believe the answer is:
tenner
'note' is the definition.
(a tenner is a 10 pound note)
I don't understand how the remainder of the clue works.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for tenner that I've seen before include "Ten pound note (colloq.)" , "Note featuring Charles Darwin?" , "Heard bell" , "Ten-pound note (inf.)" , "Monetary note" .)