Potentially painful growth to irritate (6)
I believe the answer is:
nettle
'to irritate' is the definition.
(synonyms)
I can't explain the remainder of the clue.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for nettle that I've seen before include "Annoy; common weed" , "Grasp it firmly and it will not sting" , "To be annoying" , "Clasp it firmly and it will not sting" , "urticaceous plant" .)