Queen after large, very large failure (5)
I believe the answer is:
loser
'failure' is the definition.
('loser' can be a synonym of 'failure')
'queen after large very large' is the wordplay.
'queen' becomes 'er' (abbreviation for Elizabeth Regina).
'after' is a charade indicator (letters next to each other).
'large' becomes 'l'.
'very large' becomes 'os' (abbreviation for oversize).
'l'+'os'='los'
'er' after 'los' is 'LOSER'.
(Other definitions for loser that I've seen before include "Ineffectual person who regularly fails" , "Unsuccessful type" , "Roles for a non-winner" , "Flop" , "One who is habitually unsuccessful" .)