Quick-tempered -- bails out, catching cold, consumed by anger (9)
I believe the answer is:
irascible
'quick-tempered' is the definition.
(synonyms)
'bails out catching cold consumed by anger' is the wordplay.
'out' indicates anagramming the letters (out can mean wrong or inaccurate).
'catching' is an insertion indicator.
'cold' becomes 'c' (eg on taps).
'consumed by' indicates putting letters inside.
'anger' becomes 'ire' (ire is intense rage).
'bails' anagrammed gives 'asibl'.
'asibl' going around 'c' is 'ascibl'.
'ascibl' put within 'ire' is 'IRASCIBLE'.
(Other definitions for irascible that I've seen before include "Cantankerous" , "Crabbed" , "Easily aroused to anger" , "Easily angered" , "easily upset" .)