Royal family's survival after removal of head of government by Scotsman (10)
I believe the answer is:
hanoverian
'royal family's survival' is the definition.
Although both the answer and definition are singular nouns, I don't see how one could define the other.
'removal of head of government by scotsman' is the wordplay.
'removal of head of government' becomes 'hanover' (I am not sure about this - if you are sure you should give a lot more credence to this answer).
'by' is a charade indicator (letters next to each other).
'scotsman' becomes 'ian'.
'hanover'+'ian'='HANOVERIAN'
'after' acts as a link.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for hanoverian that I've seen before include "Any sovereign from George I to Victoria" , "Eg, like George I" .)