Scheming felon caught in Vienna in disguise (10)
I believe the answer is:
connivance
'scheming' is the definition.
(thesaurus)
'felon caught in vienna in disguise' is the wordplay.
'felon' becomes 'con' (abbreviation for 'convict').
'caught' becomes 'c' (cricket abbreviation).
'in' is an insertion indicator.
'in disguise' indicates an anagram.
'vienna' is an anagram of 'nivane'.
'c' placed within 'nivane' is 'nivance'.
'con'+'nivance'='CONNIVANCE'
(Other definitions for connivance that I've seen before include "Passive co-operation" , "working in cahoots" , "Act of conspiracy" .)