Superior person returns without letter for magnate (5)
I believe the answer is:
baron
'magnate' is the definition.
(synonyms)
'superior person returns without letter' is the wordplay.
'superior person returns' becomes 'barn' (I can't justify this - if you can you should give a lot more credence to this answer).
'without' means one lot of letters goes inside another ('without' can be similar in meaning to 'outside').
'letter' becomes 'o'.
'barn' placed around 'o' is 'BARON'.
'for' acts as a link.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for baron that I've seen before include "Husband" , "See nobleman" , "Lowest rank of British nobility" , "Born a (anagram) - powerful man of business" , "powerful man owning lots of dailies?" .)