Take Scottish leader's temperature for doc (7)

I believe the answer is:

surgeon

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'doc' is the definition.
(surgeon is a kind of doc)

I can't explain the rest of the clue.

(Other definitions for surgeon that I've seen before include "one used to working in the theatre" , "Doctor in operating theatre - RN doctor" , "Medical knife wielder" , "one performing in the theatre" , "Operating medical practitioner" .)

I've seen this clue in The Independent.

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