The officer in charge preceding disloyal person in command, claiming divine authority (10)
I believe the answer is:
theocratic
'claiming divine authority' is the definition.
I can't judge whether this defines the answer.
'the officer in charge preceding disloyal person in command' is the wordplay.
'officer in charge' becomes 'oc' (I've seen this in other clues).
'preceding' means one lot of letters go next to another.
'disloyal person' becomes 'rat' (rat is a kind of person. I am not sure about the 'disloyal' bit.).
'in command' becomes 'ic' (military abbreviation).
'the'+'oc'+'rat'+'ic'='THEOCRATIC'
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for theocratic that I've seen before include "Ruling in the name of a god" , "priestly government" .)