This system worked in medieval times (6)
I believe the answer is:
feudal
'this system' is the definition.
(feudal system is a kind of system)
I don't understand the remainder of the clue.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for feudal that I've seen before include "Of system of land-holding in Middle Ages" , "Pertaining to fiefs" , "Like a medieval social system" , "Pertaining to old social system" , "Medieval in approach" .)