Well and suitably stripped of clothing (4)
I believe the answer is:
ably
'well' is the definition.
(I've seen this before)
'suitably stripped of clothing' is the wordplay.
'stripped of' indicates named letters should be taken away.
'clothing' becomes 'suit' (suit is a kind of clothing).
'suitably' with 'suit' taken away is 'ABLY'.
'and' is the link.
(Other definitions for ably that I've seen before include "With competence" , "In capable manner" , "Competently" , "In proficient manner" , "Masterfully" .)