What brings fame? Something other than competence evidently (10)
I believe the answer is:
notability
'what brings fame? something' is the definition.
I can't judge whether this defines the answer.
'other than competence evidently' is the wordplay.
'other than' becomes 'not'.
'competence evidently' becomes 'ability' (I am not sure about this - if you are sure you should believe this answer much more).
'not'+'ability'='NOTABILITY'
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for notability that I've seen before include "fame" , "top person" , "VIP" .)