You can see the outward temptation of pelf (5)
I believe the answer is:
lucre
'temptation of pelf' is the definition.
'lucre' can be an answer for 'pelf' (synonyms). I'm unsure of the 'temptation of' bit.
'you can see the outward' is the wordplay.
'you can' becomes 'luc' (I can't explain this - if you can you should believe this answer much more).
'see' becomes 'rome' (the Holy See or See of Rome is home to the pope).
'the outward' suggests removing the centre.
'rome' with its middle removed is 're'.
'luc'+'re'='LUCRE'
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for lucre that I've seen before include "There's money" , "(Dishonourably gained) money (poetic, literary)" , "Ulcer (anag)" , "Possession of the rich" , "financial gain" .)