Argument over a note produces a predicament (6)
I believe the answer is:
scrape
'a predicament' is the definition.
(I've seen this before)
'argument over a note produces' is the wordplay.
'argument' becomes 'scrap' (I've seen this before).
'over' says to put letters next to each other.
'a note produces' becomes 'e' (I am not sure about this - if you are sure you should give a lot more credence to this answer).
'scrap'+'e'='SCRAPE'
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for scrape that I've seen before include "Grate - predicament" , "Take the surface off" , "fine kettle of fish" , "embarassing situation" , "Capers (anag.)" .)