Chapter containing a great deal of material (5)
I believe the answer is:
cloth
'material' is the definition.
(synonyms)
'chapter containing a great deal' is the wordplay.
'chapter' becomes 'ch'.
'containing' is an insertion indicator.
'a great deal' becomes 'lot' (both can mean a large amount).
'ch' going around 'lot' is 'CLOTH'.
'of' is the link.
(Other definitions for cloth that I've seen before include "Textiles" , "Sails" , "rag" , "Woven material" , "Fabric, textile" .)