Fallacy about the foundation of Spanish Empire corrected (15)
I believe the answer is:
misapprehension
'fallacy' is the definition.
'of spanish empire corrected' is the wordplay.
'of' indicates an anagram (the answer comes from or 'of' the letters).
'corrected' becomes 'on' (I am not sure about this - if you are sure you should give a lot more credence to this answer).
'spanish'+'empire'='spanishempire'
'spanishempire' is an anagram of 'misapprehensi'.
'misapprehensi'+'on'='MISAPPREHENSION'
'about the foundation' acts as a link.
This may not be right. Some or all of it may belong to another bit of the clue.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for misapprehension that I've seen before include "False impression" , "wrong understanding" , "Mistaken belief" .)