Mineral chart enters pigment (5)
I believe the answer is:
ochre
'pigment' is the definition.
(ochre is a colour)
'mineral chart enters' is the wordplay.
'mineral' becomes 'ore' (ore is a kind of mineral).
'chart' becomes 'ch' (I can't justify this - if you can you should believe this answer much more).
'enters' means one lot of letters goes inside another.
'ore' enclosing 'ch' is 'OCHRE'.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for ochre that I've seen before include "Light yellow-brown colour" , "An orangey pigment" , "Yellow/brown pigment" , "Yellowish-brown or red pigment" , "Brown" .)