Minister put instrument into new ranch (10)
I believe the answer is:
chancellor
'minister' is the definition.
(type of government minister)
'instrument into new ranch' is the wordplay.
'instrument' becomes 'cello' (cello is a kind of instrument).
'into' means one lot of letters goes inside another.
'new' is an anagram indicator.
'ranch' is an anagram of 'chanr'.
'cello' inserted inside 'chanr' is 'CHANCELLOR'.
'put' acts as a link.
(Other definitions for chancellor that I've seen before include "See 8" , "Govt. finance minister" , "chief minister" , "Government leader" , "Head of government" .)