Rise to collect unemployment benefit for teenager? (10)
I believe the answer is:
adolescent
'teenager?' is the definition.
('adolescent' can be a synonym of 'teenager')
'rise to collect unemployment benefit' is the wordplay.
'rise' becomes 'ascent' (synonyms).
'to collect' indicates putting letters inside (inserted letters are collected by others).
'unemployment benefit' becomes 'dole' (dole can mean government benefits).
'ascent' enclosing 'dole' is 'ADOLESCENT'.
'for' is the link.
(Other definitions for adolescent that I've seen before include "At the stage between childhood and maturity" , "One growing" , "Developing" , "Teenage" , "juvenile" .)