Scaling limits unemployment benefit for young person (10)
I believe the answer is:
adolescent
'for young person' is the definition.
(I've seen this before)
'scaling limits unemployment benefit' is the wordplay.
'scaling' becomes 'ascent' (I am not sure about this - if you are sure you should give a lot more credence to this answer).
'limits' is an insertion indicator (limit can mean to contain or block off).
'unemployment benefit' becomes 'dole' (dole can mean government benefits).
'ascent' going around 'dole' is 'ADOLESCENT'.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for adolescent that I've seen before include "At the stage between childhood and maturity" , "Immature" , "Youth" , "juvenile" , "One growing" .)