Told to frighten Arab ruler (6)
I believe the answer is:
sheikh
'arab ruler' is the definition.
(I've seen this before)
I cannot understand how the remainder of the clue works.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for sheikh that I've seen before include "Arab leader or prince" , "Leader of an Arab tribe, a Muslim chief" , "Leader of an Arab family" , "Weapons maker" , "Head of Arab tribe, village etc" .)